Biomass inventory and bioenergy assessment an evaluation of organic material resources for bioenergy production in washington state by craig frear, bingcheng zhao, guobin fu, michael richardson and shulin chen. Unlike crude oil, biomass feedstocks are diverse in their composition. Theoretical framework this article developed theoretical framework dealing with biomass resource optimization in generating renewable biomass fuel. Since biomass is renewable and consumes atmospheric c02 during growth, it can have a small net c02 impact compared to fossil fuels. Dec 29, 2008 to meet these production targets, a robust and sustainable supply of the requisite feedstocks must be developed and established. Its often claimed that biomass is a low carbon or carbon neutral fuel, meaning that carbon emitted by biomass burning wont contribute to climate change. Characteristics of biomass as a heating fuel biomass is a promising option for providing locally produced, renewable energy in pennsylvania. In the context of biomass for energy this is often used to mean plant based material, but biomass can equally apply to both animal and vegetable derived material. Biogas forms when paper, food scraps, and yard waste decompose in landfills, and it can be produced by processing sewage and animal. Introduction to biofuel university of california, berkeley. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing and using biomass based diesel and jet fuel in the united states. Pdf development of a substitute fuel for conventional fuels, such as wood, coal, charcoal and liquefied petroleum gaslpg, is important. This diversity of sources makes hydrogen a promising energy carrier and enables hydrogen production almost anywhere in the world.
Possibly combine process streams after they are being concentrated in energy. Biomass for renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals. The most energy efficient use for biomass in general is thermal energy at the community scale. In fact uganda has the potential to have surplus biomass for energy purposes for the next three decades and possibly beyond. Secondgeneration thermochemical biofuels may be less familiar to readers. Biomass is a diffuse resource, growing over dispersed areas. Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity generated from renewable organic waste that would otherwise be. Biomass stoker boiler power generation system input and output requirements 81 table 74. The principal categories of biomass conversion technologies for power and heat production are. Solid biomass, such as wood and garbage, can be burned directly to produce heat. The combustion products from complete combustion of biomass generally contain nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and surplus of oxygen. But wind energy is growing by a steady 0% annually, and the solar energy sector realized a growth of over 0 % in 2005. Each of these forms of biomass is used in the united states. However, its production cost must be reduced for giving this process a chance to drive forward the strategy of biomass toethanol worldwide.
Biomass combined heat and power catalog of technologies. However, there are still some challenges in making them economically feasible. The main advantage is that wood is a renewable resource, offering a sustainable, dependable supply. Of the following terms, which are not associated with. If compared to a fossil fuel it would be less severe but if compared to a more benign fuel it would seem more severe. Concerning biomass uses, around 80% of the agricultural biomass supply was used as food and feed 15% directly consumed as plantbased food and 65% as animal feed, mostly for the production of animalbased food. The feasibility of producing and using biomassbased.
Biomass has the potential to accelerate the realization of hydrogen as a major fuel of the future. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils and animal fats and can be used in vehicles and as heating oil. Environmental protection agency combined heat and power partnership september 2007 v. Bamboo biomass can be processed in various ways thermal or biochemical conversion to produce. This chapter examines the concept of virgin and waste biomass as an alternative source of supply for energy and fuels, and evaluates the potential of biomass energy and its market penetration. Natural heat extracted from the earths crust using its vertical thermal gradient, most readily available where there is a discontinuity in the earths crust e. Even in 2019, biomass is the only source of fuel for domestic use in many developing countries. To reduce the amount of imported fossil fuel used for cement production. Generations of biofuels objective oregon state university.
Briquette production technology, a kind of unpolluted coal. Review paper energy production from biomass part 1. To achieve this goal, data on production, capacity, cost, market demand, and feedstock availability were gathered and analyzed. It is increasing clear that biofuels can be a viable source of renewable energy in contrast to the finite nature, geopolitical instability, and deleterious global effects of fossil fuel energy. Alfalfa has considerable potential as a feedstock for production of. Preparation of biomass briquettes using various agro.
The most energy efficient use for biomass in general is. From the methane production levels, estimates of electrical energy and power production were. Renewable fuel oil rfo refinery coprocessing coprocessing of renewable fuel oil rfo with vacuum gas oil vgo in a fluid catalytic cracking unit fccu to produce fully fungible, renewable gasoline and diesel rfo is produced from biomass by a technology known as. Pdf preparation of biomass briquettes using various agro. Of the following terms, which are not associated with biomass. Biomass, co 2 emissions reduction, ethanol, motor fuels, renewable energy ipc code. However, with the emergence of global warming as a serious concern in.
However, hydrogen from biomass has major challenges. Electric utilities use almost 11 percent of biomass for power generation. Of that 5%, about 47% was from biofuels mainly ethanol, 44% was from wood and woodderived biomass, and 10% was from the biomass in municipal waste. Use in large central facilities requires consolidation and transportation of fuel over greater distances that can reduce the overall efficiency of the resource. As the biomass situation analysis indicates, ugandas main challenge is not insufficient supply of biomass but rather the technology to utilize the diverse forms of biomass.
Biomass is distributed and biomass facilities are small. Usually we burn wood and use its energy for heating. The rfs required that petroleum refiners in the us utilize 1 billion gallons of biomassbased diesel fuel in 2011. At the same time, biomass crops must help support profitable agricultural systems, vital rural towns, and public demand for environmental protection. In fact, the main global warming impact of the charcoal cycle may result from the biomass pyrolysis and not the enduse of charcoal burning. Beginning in 2016, wood production equals consumption plus densified biomass exports. Fuel specifications for gasoline and jet fuel are tight. Biomass combined heat and power catalog of technologies u. In addition to the production of charcoal, pyrolysis of biomass also produces incomplete combustibles, such as methane, which may have a higher global warming impact than carbon dioxide. Illustration of the layout of a biomass orc plant including biomass boiler, fuel silo, and some auxiliary systems 49 figure 520. Illustration of the layout of a biomass orc plant including biomass boiler, fuel silo. Overview of bamboo biomass for energy production an ha truong, thi my anh le to cite this version. Ultimately, biomass conversion processes are attractive because they are in practice today and extension to future scenarios is easy for the public to envision.
All biomass is biologicallyproduced matter based in carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Mar 07, 2015 any of the terms could be associated with biomass fuel production. Ethanol is made from crops such as corn and sugar cane that are fermented to produce fuel ethanol for use in vehicles. It is for people interested in finding out more about biomass boiler systems. The major problem of bioethanol is the availability of biomass materials for its.
The production of generator gas producer gas called gasification, is partial combustion of solid fuel biomass and takes place at temperatures of about 0c. Current chief candidate along with biodiesel as a petroleum replacement for internal combustion engines, is a fuel generally derived from food crops such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize corn, sorghum and wheat, although other forms of biomass can also be used, and may even be preferable. Because biomass is relatively dilute energy compared to its concentrated fossil energy cousins, it presents unique tradeoffs concerning land and water use, delivery, and intensity. There are international efforts underway to regulate the production and trade of bioenergy by establishing sustainability criteria. Biomass fuels provided about 5% of total primary energy use in the united states in 2017. Hence, different conversion processes have been developed to produce a variety of biofuels. A joint study by the us departments of energy and agriculture, often referred to as the billion ton study, determined that roughly 1. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass lcb has been demonstrated as alternative to conventional fuel, as it is considered to be renewable and clean energy. Essentially, biomass is stored solar energy which man can convert to electricity, fuel and heat. Current production of both biodiesel and renewable diesel are driven by the requirements of the renewable fuel standard rfs which is mandated by the energy independence and security act of 2007 eia, 2012. A guide to smallscale wood fuel biomass heating systems this guide has been written by the wood fuel south west advice service.
Biomass energy used in this manner is a lowcarbon fuel, and, integrated with the sustainable fuel supply, has the potential to be a net carbon sequestering option, even when considering the fossil fuels used in production and transportation of wood fuel and agricultural pro duction. Hydrogen can be produced using a variety of resources including biomass, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, nuclear, coal with carbon capture, utilization and storage, and natural gas. Baker, editor national renewable energy laboratory ralph p. Our facilities collect, process and recycle items for use as fuel, as well as green energy facilities that create power from that waste. Manufacturing fuel pellets from biomass different types of fuel pellets that can be made from biomass and discusses the process and equipment needed to take on such a venture. Although developing the technology for costeffective motor fuel production by 2030 is challenging, the advances in scientific understanding necessary to achieve this goal appear. The feasibility of producing and using biomassbased diesel. Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms.
The estimated biomass production in the world is approximately 100 billion metric tons of carbon per year, about half in the ocean and half on land. This eventuality of fossil fuel and the adverse impact of fossil fuel usage on the environment are expected to be the driving. To meet these production targets, a robust and sustainable supply of the requisite feedstocks must be developed and established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of producing and using biomassbased diesel and jet fuel in the united states. Miscanthus biomass production costs on a tonnage basis mainly depend on the yield harvested, but also on the costs of production factors such as land and labor, the establishment and harvesting methods, and the need for densification, storage, and transport bullard, 2001. Biomass powerpoint presentation free download as powerpoint presentation. Enzymatic conversion of biomass for fuels production michael e. To achieve greenhouse gas emission reductions through partial substitution of fossil fuels with alternative fuels in cement manufacture. Its production and use also brings additional environmental and social benefits. Collectively, they represent almost half of total u. Enzymatic conversion of biomass for fuels production. Biomass production an overview sciencedirect topics. Wood biomass for energy wood fuel has several environmental advantages over fossil fuel. Secondgeneration ethanol or butanol would be made via biochemical processing.
The rfs required that petroleum refiners in the us utilize 1 billion gallons of biomass based diesel fuel in 2011. Biomass can also be converted into a gas called biogas or into liquid biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. Review of technologies for the production and use of charcoal. But in fact, biomass burning power plants emit 150% the co 2 of coal, and 300 400% the co of natural gas, per unit energy produced. Plants remove carbon dioxidea greenhouse gasfrom the atmosphere when they grow. Other advantages include the fact that the amount of carbon dioxide co2 emitted during the burning process is typically 90% less than when burning fossil fuel. Biogas production based on pig manure and slaughterhouse residues. Development of a substitute fuel for conventional fuels, such as wood, coal, charcoal and liquefied petroleum gaslpg, is important. Biomass production, supply, uses and flows in the european. Biomass stoker boiler power generation system capital cost estimates 83 table 75. Biomass is a promising option for providing locally produced, renewable energy in pennsylvania. Himmel, editor national renewable energy laboratory john o.
Burning, however, is not the only way to convert biomass energy into a. Correctly managed, biomass is a sustainable fuel that can offer a significant reduction in net. A guide to smallscale wood fuel biomass heating systems. The significance of liquid fuel production from woody. Overend, editor national renewable energy laboratory developed from a symposium sponsored by the division ofcellulose, paper and textile at the 205th national meeting. A biomass inventory and bioenergy assessment for washington state was completed, producing this final. Reenergy holdings is an integrated waste fuel biomass renewable energy company. Biomassbased diesel an overview sciencedirect topics. Biofuel production has also more than doubled between 2000 and 2005, while oil production increased.